Extensive evaluation of heat exchangers (brazed plate, shell/tube, etc.), CDUs, pumps, VFDs, in-row/RDHx, and system-level transients (e.g., loss of cooling response). Large-scale (up to 5 MW) and medium-scale facilities simulate data center conditions for P-Q curves, heat transfer, and efficiency.

Thermal management & performance: under high-power conditions (e.g., AI/crypto mining), thermal shock/cycling.

Thermal characterization of racks/enclosures/liquid systems, extreme conditions testing (e.g., rack-level chamber -40°C to 100°C, heat tents up to 85°C multi-bay), benchmarking for high-flow cold plates (low thermal resistance), liquid-to-air exchangers, TEC/recirculating chillers, and immersion chillers (down to -20°C stability).